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ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 12:22 EDT

Unlocking the potential of patient-derived organoids for personalized sarcoma treatment

Investigators developed the largest collection of sarcoma patient-derived organoids to date that can help improve the understanding of the disease and better identify therapies that are most likely to work for each individual patient. By using 3D mini tumor models that closely resemble a patient's tumor, treatments could be tailored more effectively, paving the way for more personalized cancer treatments. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 12:22 EDT

Wastewater monitoring can detect foodborne illness

First used in the 1940s to monitor for polio, wastewater surveillance proved such a powerful disease monitoring tool that the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established the National Wastewater Surveillance System to support SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in September of 2020. Now, a team of scientists have shown that domestic sewage monitoring is useful for a foodborne pathogen as well. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 12:22 EDT

BESSY II: Heterostructures for spintronics

Spintronic devices work with spin textures caused by quantum-physical interactions. Scientists have now studied graphene-cobalt-iridium heterostructures at BESSY II. The results show how two desired quantum-physical effects reinforce each other in these heterostructures. This could lead to new spintronic devices based on these materials. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 12:22 EDT

Researchers identify sex-based differences in immune responses against tumors

Researchers investigated differences in T-cell responses between male and female patients with lung cancer that may help direct future treatments. T-cell responses are part of the adaptive immune system, which is part of the body's 'smart system' that monitors for threats and fights them with customized defenses. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:27 EDT

Stroke rates increasing in individuals living with SCD despite treatment guidelines

The incidence of stroke continues to increase for adults and children living with sickle cell disease (SCD) despite the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) establishing standards of care like transfusions and tests to measure blood flow in the brain for those deemed high-risk, according to a new study. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:27 EDT

Adding nuance to link between brain structure and ideology

Using MRI scans of almost 1,000 Dutch people, researchers show that there is indeed a connection between brain structure and ideology. However, the connection is smaller than expected. Nevertheless, the researchers find it remarkable that differences in the brain are linked to something as abstract as ideology. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:27 EDT

Research team discovers molecular mechanism for a bacterial infection

Daniel Capelluto and his research team have discovered the mechanism by which the bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of dysentery, manipulates molecular activity to assure its survival against its host's natural defenses. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:27 EDT

Microplastics found in coral skeletons

Researchers have found microplastics less than 300 m in size in coral skeletons. The team developed a new protocol to extract and detect microplastics and applied it to coral samples from the Gulf of Thailand. The finding may also explain the 'missing plastic problem,' where about 70% of plastic in the oceans cannot be found. The corals may act as a 'sink' for microplastics, absorbing them from the marine environment. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:27 EDT

What role does a tailwind play in cycling's 'Everesting'?

Within the cycling realm, 'to Everest' involves riding up and down the same mountain until your ascents total the elevation of Mt. Everest. A new record was set a few years ago, but a debate ensued about the strong tailwind the cyclist had on climbs. To what extent do the tailwind help a cyclist as they climb? Should limits be set on the allowed windspeed? Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:27 EDT

Demand-side actions could help construction sector deliver on net-zero targets

Researchers used a detailed mathematical model to demonstrate that the construction sector in the UK and Europe could almost eliminate its carbon emissions by 2060. This could be achieved through using state-of-the-art energy efficiency technologies to renovate existing properties and construct new ones. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:26 EDT

Analysis sheds light on COVID-19-associated disease in Japan

Researchers analyzed the incidence in Japan of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), a severe invasive fungal infection of the lungs, and found some insights related to risk factors and mortality rate. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:26 EDT

Antidepressant shows promise for treating brain tumors

Researchers have used a drug screening platform they developed to show that an antidepressant, currently on the market, kills tumor cells in the dreaded glioblastoma -- at least in the cell-culture dish. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:26 EDT

New testing system using Janus particles rapidly and accurately detects COVID-19

A research group has developed a new COVID-19 testing system using Janus particles -- microparticles with two sides possessing distinctive molecular properties. These particles are engineered to bind specifically to target antigens, such as viral proteins, creating a low-cost, accurate, and rapid means of testing for viral diseases. The system's versatility means it can potentially be used to test for other diseases and biomarkers linked to other conditions. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:26 EDT

Revealing the neuronal pathways involved in adaptive decision-making in primates

Neuronal pathways originating from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of the brain participate in different adaptive behaviors, but which pathways are used for distinct adaptive strategies remains unclear. In a recent study, researchers from Japan conducted behavioral experiments on monkeys whose OFC pathways could be selectively silenced chemically. Findings demonstrate how these independent pathways are linked to experience-based adaptation and knowledge-based adaptation in primates. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:26 EDT

European Green Deal: A double-edged sword for global emissions

The European Green Deal will bring the emission of greenhouse gases in the European Union down, but at the same time causes a more than a twofold increase in emissions outside its borders. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:26 EDT

Inflammatory cells in tumor microenvironment promote the transformation of prostate cancer cells into treatment-resistant cells

There is a challenge related to prostate and many other cancers that cancer cells form resistance to treatments as the disease progresses. However, these resistance mechanisms are not yet fully understood. A new study found that inflammation-promoting immune cells, M1 macrophages, can transform cancer cells into stem-like cells and thus immune to treatment. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:25 EDT

Researchers discover immune response to dengue can predict risk of severe reinfections

A new study highlights the role of natural killer T cells in influencing the immune response to dengue virus, potentially reducing the severity of subsequent infections. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/20/2024 11:24 EDT

How can we make the best possible use of large language models for a smarter and more inclusive society?

Large language models (LLMs) have developed rapidly in recent years and are becoming an integral part of our everyday lives through applications like ChatGPT. An article explains the opportunities and risks that arise from the use of LLMs for our ability to collectively deliberate, make decisions, and solve problems. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/19/2024 19:35 EDT

Researchers discover gene variants that determine speed of graying in horses

Scientists now understand why some gray horses turn completely white as they age, while others remain an eye-catching 'dappled' gray color. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 09/19/2024 19:35 EDT

Food fussiness a largely genetic trait from toddlerhood to adolescence

A new study compared survey results of parents with identical or non-identical twins in England and Wales from the ages of 16 months to 13 years. The study found that fussy eating is mainly influenced by genes and is a stable trait lasting from toddlerhood to early adolescence. Read more ›

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