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ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:12 EDT

Decline in global adolescent fertility rates is counteracted by increasing teen births in Sub-Saharan Africa, study finds

A new report highlights a troubling trend: while global adolescent fertility rates have significantly declined, sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing an increase in teen births. This region's share of global adolescent births surged from 12 percent in 1950 to 47 percent in 2020 and is projected to reach a clear majority -- a full 67 percent -- by 2035. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:12 EDT

How astronomers are using pulsars to observe evidence of dark matter

Tantalizing evidence of potential dark matter objects has been detected with the help of the Universe's 'timekeepers'. These pulsars -- neutron stars which rotate and emit lighthouse-like beams of radio waves that rapidly sweep through space -- were used to identify mysterious hidden masses. Pulsars earned their nickname because they send out electromagnetic radiation at very regular intervals, ranging from milliseconds to seconds, making them extremely accurate timekeepers. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:12 EDT

Microplastic pollution increases sea foam height and stability

Researchers examine the specific impacts of microplastics on the geophysics of sea foam formation in the critical zone where water meets air in the top layer of the ocean. They devised two simulations for their work -- a column filled with sea water injected with air and a laboratory-scale breaking wave channel to test the impacts of wave height on sea foam in the surface microlayer -- and tested their... Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:12 EDT

How to assess a general-purpose AI model's reliability before it's deployed

A new technique estimates the reliability of a self-supervised foundation model, like those that power ChatGPT, without the need to know what task that model will be deployed on later. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:12 EDT

Nature-based solutions to disaster risk from climate change are cost effective

A new global assessment of scientific literature finds that nature-based solutions (NbS) are an economically effective method to mitigate risks from a range of disasters -- from floods and hurricanes to heatwaves and landslides -- which are only expected to intensify as Earth continues to warm. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:11 EDT

Sun-like stars found orbiting hidden companions

Astronomers have uncovered what appear to be 21 neutron stars in orbit around stars like our Sun. The discovery is surprising because it is not clear how a star that exploded winds up next to a star like our Sun. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:11 EDT

Transporting precious cargo using the body's own delivery system

Delivery systems in body continuously move materials between cells. Hijacking these systems allowed scientists to improve loading and delivery of therapeutic proteins. Biophysical principles could be used to enable more cost-effective loading of biological cargo into cell-derived delivery systems. Engineered molecules loaded up to 240 times more protein than other loading methods. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 15:11 EDT

Supplements slow disease progression during late stage of 'dry' age-related macular degeneration

In a new analysis of data, researchers have found that taking a daily supplement containing antioxidant vitamins and minerals slows progression of late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), potentially helping people with late-stage disease preserve their central vision. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Harnessing big data helps scientists home in on new antimicrobials

Researchers have developed a strategy to identify new antimicrobial drugs with therapeutic promise from bacterial datasets, providing clues for discovering alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Capturing carbon with energy-efficient sodium carbonate-nanocarbon hybrid material

Carbon capture is a promising approach for mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Different materials have been used to capture CO2 from industrial exhaust gases. Scientists developed hybrid CO2 capture materials containing sodium carbonate and nanocarbon prepared at different temperatures, tested their performance, and identified the optimal calcination temperature condition. They found that the hybrid material exhibits and maintains high CO2 capture capacity for multiple regeneration cycles at a lower Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Breakthrough in quantum microscopy: Researchers are making electrons visible in slow motion

Physicists are developing quantum microscopy which enables them for the first time to record the movement of electrons at the atomic level with both extremely high spatial and temporal resolution. Their method has the potential to enable scientists to develop materials in a much more targeted way than before. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Additional taxes vs. water quotas: Study compares the most effective system to manage water consumption in agriculture

A new study finds that the proportional allocation of water, and not additional taxes on the resource, is more effective from the point of view of those engaged in agriculture. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

New analysis of Cassini data yields insights into Titan's seas

A new study of radar experiment data from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn has yielded fresh insights related to the makeup and activity of the liquid hydrocarbon seas near the north pole of Titan, the largest of Saturn's 146 known moons. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

AI tool successfully responds to patient questions in electronic health record

A new study shows that an AI tool can draft responses to patients' EHR queries as accurately as their human healthcare professionals, and with greater perceived 'empathy.' Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Hormone therapy for breast cancer linked with lower dementia risk

Hormone modulating therapy (HMT) used for the treatment of breast cancer was associated with a 7% lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias later in life, according to a new study. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Timing is everything: Study finds link between bowel movement frequency and overall health

Researchers examined the clinical, lifestyle, and multi-omic data of more than 1,400 healthy adults. How often people poop, they found, can have a large influence on one's physiology and health. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

E. coli variant may cause antimicrobial resistance in dogs, humans

Researchers studying antimicrobial-resistant E. coli -- the leading cause of human death due to antimicrobial resistance worldwide -- have identified a mechanism in dogs that may render multiple antibiotic classes ineffective. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Local dragonflies expose mercury pollution patterns

A new study has unveiled surprising findings about mercury pollution: where it comes from and how it moves through the environment vary significantly depending on the ecosystem. In drier regions, most mercury is deposited through rain and snow. In wetter, forested areas, gaseous mercury from the air sticks to leaves, which then fall and carry the toxin into the ground. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:27 EDT

Immune system in the spotlight

Our immune system is always on alert, detecting and eliminating pathogens and cancer cells. Cellular control mechanisms cause diseased cells to present antigens on their surface like signs for the immune system. For analysis of the necessary complex antigen processing and transport processes in real time, researchers have developed a 'cage' that is opened with light to release trapped antigens at a specific place and time. Read more ›

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ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily · 07/16/2024 12:26 EDT

Bizarre 'garden sprinkler-like' jet is spotted shooting out of neutron star

A strange 'garden sprinkler-like' jet coming from a neutron star has been pictured for the first time. The S-shaped structure is created as the jet changes direction due to the wobbling of the disc of hot gas around the star -- a process called precession, which has been observed with black holes but, until now, never with neutron stars. Read more ›

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